Gambling involves placing something of value, such as money or possessions, on a random event with the intention of winning a prize. There are various forms of gambling, including playing card games like poker and blackjack with friends in a private setting, wagering on sporting events or horse races with friends, putting money on football accumulators and other forms of betting, as well as lottery-style games such as scratch cards, bingo and raffles. Speculation about business, insurance and stock market outcomes can also be considered gambling. A growing body of research focuses on the social, psychological and economic harms associated with gambling behaviour. In addition to the financial cost, it can result in family breakdown, poor health, substance misuse, suicide and crime [1].
Historically, people who gambled have been perceived as immoral and illegal, and they have had a bad reputation. However, attitudes towards gambling are changing, and more and more people are starting to see it as a form of recreation and fun. This is particularly the case in countries with liberalised economies, which are rapidly developing global gambling industries and markets. Despite the growth of gambling, there are still concerns about its impact on health and society. This is because, unlike other legal activities, it has the potential to lead to addiction and a range of related disorders.
There is a wide range of approaches to the prevention and treatment of gambling disorder, and a number of therapies are used to help people overcome their urges to gamble. These include cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), psychodynamic therapy and group therapy, as well as family therapy. The type of therapy that is most effective for an individual will vary depending on their needs and situation. In addition to therapy, it is important to set boundaries in managing the finances of people with gambling disorders. This will help to prevent them from taking out loans and credit cards to fund their habit.
A key element in gambling is a lack of control over impulses. This is a common feature of all types of gambling, but can be particularly acute in people who are already struggling with an underlying mental illness or personality disorder. For example, people who have a history of anxiety or depression may find that they can trigger symptoms by trying to relieve boredom or stress with gambling. It is therefore essential that individuals who have such a disorder seek help as soon as possible.
The way in which a person responds to losing or winning money is shaped by a variety of factors, such as their culture, social context and the nature of their experiences with gambling. It is also influenced by the laws and regulations that govern the industry, which shape what is permissible and not permissible to do. Understanding how these factors interact could help develop more targeted interventions to reduce gambling-related harms. In particular, the role of the state and businesses in shaping gambling practices could be explored in order to reduce the risk of addiction.